Significant improvement in melanoma survival over the last decade: A Hungarian nationwide study between 2011 and 2019

Recent real-world studies have reported significant improvements in the survival of malignant melanoma in the past few years, mainly as a result of modern therapies. However, long-term survival data from Central Eastern European countries such as Hungary are currently lacking.This nationwide, retrospective study examined melanoma survival in Hungary between 2011-2019 using the databases of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Hungary. Crude overall survival and age-standardized 5-year net survival as well as the association between age, sex, and survival were calculated.Between 2011 and 2019, 22,948 newly diagnosed malignant melanoma cases were recorded in the NHIF database (47.89% male, mean age: 60.75 years (SD: ±16.39)). 5-year overall survival was 75.40% (women: 80.78%; men: 69.52%). Patients diagnosed between 2017-2019 had a 20% lower risk of mortality compared to patients diagnosed between 2011-2012 (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89; p<0.0001). Age-standardized 5-year net survival rates in 2011-2014 and 2015-2019 were 90.6% and 95.8%, respectively (women: 93.1% and 98.4%, men: 87.8% and 92.7%, respectively). The highest age-standardized 5-year net survival rates were found in the 0-39 age cohort (94.6% in the 2015-2019 period).Hungary has similar melanoma survival rates to Western European countries. Based on net survival, the risk of dying of melanoma within 5 years was cut by more than half (55%) during the study period, which coincides with the successful implementation of awareness campaigns and the wide availability of modern therapies

MSTO1 is a cytoplasmic pro-mitochondrial fusion protein, whose mutation induces myopathy and ataxia in humans.

The protein MSTO1 has been localized to mitochondria and linked to mitochondrial morphology, but its specific role has remained unclear. We identified a c.22G > A (p.Val8Met) mutation of MSTO1 in patients with minor physical abnormalities, myopathy, ataxia, and neurodevelopmental impairments. Lactate stress test and myopathological results suggest mitochondrial dysfunction. In patient fibroblasts, MSTO1 mRNA and protein abundance are decreased, mitochondria display fragmentation, aggregation, and decreased network continuity and fusion activity. These characteristics can be reversed by genetic rescue. Short-term silencing of MSTO1 in HeLa cells reproduced the impairment of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics observed in the fibroblasts without damaging bioenergetics. At variance with a previous report, we find MSTO1 to be localized in the cytoplasmic area with limited colocalization with mitochondria. MSTO1 interacts with the fusion machinery as a soluble factor at the cytoplasm-mitochondrial outer membrane interface. After plasma membrane permeabilization, MSTO1 is released from the cells. Thus, an MSTO1 loss-of-function mutation is associated with a human disorder showing mitochondrial involvement. MSTO1 likely has a physiologically relevant role in mitochondrial morphogenesis by supporting mitochondrial fusion

Improving Quality Indicator of Melanoma Management – Change of Melanoma Mortality-to-Incidence Rate Ratio Based on a Hungarian Nationwide Retrospective Study

Introduction The incidence of melanoma has been increasing in the last decades. A retrospective Hungarian epidemiological study provided real-world data on incidence and mortality rates. There have been changing trends in incidence in Hungary in the last decade and mortality decreased, shifting mortality-to-incidence rate ratios (MIR). MIR is an indicator of cancer management quality. Objectives Our aim is to show the changes of melanoma MIR in Hungary between 2011 and 2018 and to compare the real-world evidence-based results of our Hungarian nationwide retrospective study with other European countries. Methods MIR is calculated from the age-specific standardized incidence and mortality rates from our study. Annual MIR values are presented for the total population and for both sexes between 2011 and 2018, along with 95% confidence intervals. Comparison with European countries are shown for 2012 and 2018 based on the GLOBOCAN database and Eurostat health care expenditure per capita data. Results MIR decreased by 0.035 during the study years. The decrease was same in both sexes (0.031). Male had higher MIRs in all study years. In both 2012 and 2018, Hungarian MIR in both sexes was lower than the European Union average (males: 0.192 vs. 0.212 and 0.148 vs. 0.174 respectively, women: 0.107 vs. 0.129 and 0.083 vs. 0.107 respectively). Discussion Hungarian mortality-to-incidence ratio is the lowest in Central and Eastern Europe and is close to the level of Western and Northern European countries. The results are driven by the high number of new diagnosed melanoma cases

Opposite trends in incidence of breast cancer in young and old female cohorts in Hungary and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic: a nationwide study between 2011–2020

BackgroundThis nationwide study examined breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality rates in Hungary between 2011–2019, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the incidence and mortality rates in 2020 using the databases of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Hungary.MethodsOur nationwide, retrospective study included patients who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer (International Codes of Diseases ICD)-10 C50) between Jan 1, 2011 and Dec 31, 2020. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASRs) were calculated using European Standard Populations (ESP).Results7,729 to 8,233 new breast cancer cases were recorded in the NHIF database annually, and 3,550 to 4,909 all-cause deaths occurred within BC population per year during 2011-2019 period, while 2,096 to 2,223 breast cancer cause-specific death was recorded (CSO). Age-standardized incidence rates varied between 116.73 and 106.16/100,000 PYs, showing a mean annual change of -0.7% (95% CI: -1.21%–0.16%) and a total change of -5.41% (95% CI: -9.24 to -1.32). Age-standardized mortality rates varied between 26.65–24.97/100,000 PYs (mean annual change: -0.58%; 95% CI: -1.31–0.27%; p=0.101; total change: -5.98%; 95% CI: -13.36–2.66). Age-specific incidence rates significantly decreased between 2011 and 2019 in women aged 50–59, 60–69, 80–89, and ≥90 years (-8.22%, -14.28%, -9.14%, and -36.22%, respectively), while it increased in young females by 30.02% (95%CI 17,01%- 51,97%) during the same period. From 2019 to 2020 (in first COVID-19 pandemic year), breast cancer incidence nominally decreased by 12% (incidence rate ratio [RR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.69–1.13; 2020 vs. 2019), all-cause mortality nominally increased by 6% (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.79–1.43) among breast cancer patients, and cause-specific mortality did not change (RR: 1.00; 95%CI: 0.86–1.15).ConclusionThe incidence of breast cancer significantly decreased in older age groups (≥50 years), oppositely increased among young females between 2011 and 2019, while cause-specific mortality in breast cancer patients showed a non-significant decrease. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in a nominal, but not statistically significant, 12% decrease in breast cancer incidence, with no significant increase in cause-specific breast cancer mortality observed during 2020

A szocialista elosztás és a munkaszerződés

INST: L_08

Proper Names in Language and in Linguistics. Possible Approaches to Proper Names

Mint dolgozatom címe is sugallja, a disszertáció elkészítésekor alapvetően azt tűztem ki célul, hogy megvizsgáljam, hogy milyen elméleti megközelítésekkel él a nyelvészet a tulajdonneveket illetően, és hogy vajon a nyelvészek tulajdonnév-felfogása milyen viszonyban áll egyrészt egymáséval, másrészt azzal, ahogy a tulajdonnevek a nyelvben elhelyezkednek, illetve viselkednek. Különféle, leginkább pragmatikus okokból a szakirodalom áttekintését a magyar nyelvészetre korlátoztam, már csak azért is, mert ez jóval könnyebben áttekinthető, ezáltal a dolgozatnak is kötöttebb szerkezetet biztosít. Ez azonban nem jelenti azt, hogy adott esetben, saját gondolatmenetem alátámasztására nem fordulok külföldi szakirodalomhoz: munkámban több helyen is idézek külföldi szerzőket, de hangsúlyozottan a teljesség igénye nélkül és hangsúlyozottan csak alátámasztásként. A célkitűzést nem kis részben az a meglátásom indokolta, hogy a magyar névtani szakirodalomban az elméleti jellegű írások viszonylag kisebb számban vannak jelen, és az elméleti háttér viszonylagos hiányából következően a magyar névtan egészére jellemző bizonyos definiálatlanság a célok és a módszerek tekintetében. Így az a felhalmozott adatmennyiség, ezek közzétételei, illetve az ezekről született írások sokasága, mely az utóbbi évtizedekben a magyar névtan leglátványosabb eredménye, tudományos szempontból nagyrészt nem könnyen, de legalábbis nem egyöntetűen értékelhető. Mindenesetre a magyarországi névtani szakirodalom áttekintésekor elsősorban az volt a célom, hogy kiemeljem az ellentmondásokat, a homályos pontokat. Az alapvető kérdés, ami a tulajdonnevekkel kapcsolatosan foglalkoztat, nem is annyira a jelentésük, mibenlétük megragadása, hanem sokkal inkább az (és ezen keresztül próbálom a mibenlétük kérdését is megközelíteni), hogy hogyan helyezkednek el a nyelvi rendszerben, és hogy mennyire és milyen értelmezésben használható egyáltalán a rendszer fogalma ezekkel (és mellesleg a nyelvvel) kapcsolatosan. A cél tehát egyfajta áttekintés, érzékeny pontok kitapintása, és ezen keresztül is annak a nézetemnek a sugallata, hogy a tulajdonnevek csak a nyelv nem formális rendszerként való értelmezése esetében tekinthetők külön nyelvi kategóriának. Azért is csak nevezem csak sugallatnak, mert ahogy e lapokon később meg is indokolom, hogy miért, munkámnak jelen pillanatban nem célja, hogy kidolgozza jobban ezt a kérdéskört. A dolgozatban a kitüntetett szerzői nézőpont (mármint a tulajdonnév általános megközelítésével, az alapkérdésekre adott válaszokkal kapcsolatosan) kétségkívül rejtettebben van jelen, inkább a tárgyalásmód (az egyes kommentárok, a válogatás, a fejezetek sorrendje stb.) ad hozzá kulcsot. A kitűzött fő célból adódóan azonban nem is érzem úgy, hogy ennél erőteljesebb szerzői jelenlét lenne indokolt. As the title of my dissertation has already suggested, my basic aims during the preparation of my theses were to examine what theoretical approaches are present in linguistics in relation to proper names as well as to find how the concepts of proper names represented by individual linguists are interlinked to each other and what is the connection between these concepts and the situation and behaviour of proper names in language. It has several, mainly pragmatic, reasons that I focused solely on the Hungarian linguistic literature. One of the reasons is that this segment of the linguistic universe is easier to survey that’s why it provides the dissertation with a stricter structure. But of course this does not mean the negligence of foreign literature. At many points do I cite foreign authors but I have to emphasize that this happens without aiming at completeness and that these citations have only a reaffirming role. My objectives were not the less supported by realizing the fact that Hungarian onomastic literature relatively lacks theoretical writings. This relative absence of the theoretical background leads to a certain vagueness as to the objectives and methods in Hungarian onomastics. So that huge quantity of data as well as the publication of these and the papers commenting these, which can be considered the most spectacular achievement of the latter decades of Hungarian onomastics, cannot be assessed easily and uniformly from the scientific point of view. When surveying the Hungarian onomastic literature, my primary objective was to highlight controversies and obscure points. The basic question I am concerned about in relation to proper names is not so their meaning or their nature but rather their situation in the linguistic system. I think finding their place in the system of language and defining the concept of system in relation to proper names (and, besides, in relation to the language itself) may help us in clearing up the problem of their nature, too. Thence the aim is a kind of an overview, touching upon tender spots and suggesting through all this that proper names appear as a distinct linguistic category only if we interpret language as a non-formal system. This latter aspect is not elaborated so much in the dissertation. No author’s viewpoint is favoured directly in the dissertation as to the general approach of proper names and answering the basic questions. But the treatment surely gives the clue to it with the author’s comments, the selection motives, and the order of chapters, etc. And perhaps no stronger author’s presence is reasonable due to the objectives set by [email protected]